Networking interview question Part-2

16. Define Routing?

The process of determining systematically hoe to forward messages toward the destination nodes based on its address is called routing.

17. What is a peer-peer process?

The processes on each machine that communicate at a given layer are called peer-peer process.

18. When a switch is said to be congested?

It is possible that a switch receives packets faster than the shared link can accommodate and stores in its memory, for an extended period of time, then the switch will eventually run out of buffer space, and some packets will have to be dropped and in this state is said to congested state.

19. What is semantic gap?

Defining a useful channel involves both understanding the applications requirements and recognizing the limitations of the underlying technology. The gap between what applications expects and what the underlying technology can provide is called semantic gap.

20. What is Round Trip Time?

The duration of time it takes to send a message from one end of a network to the other and back, is called RTT.

 21. Define the terms Unicasting, Multicasting and Broadcasting?

 If the message is sent from a source to a single destination node, it is called Unicasting. If the message is sent to some subset of other nodes, it is called Multicasting. If the message is sent to all the m nodes in the network it is called Broadcasting.

22. What is Multiplexing?

Multiplexing is the set of techniques that allows the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single data link.

23. Name the categories of Multiplexing?

a. Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

 b. Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)

i. Synchronous TDM

ii. ASynchronous TDM Or Statistical TDM.

c. Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM)

24. What is FDM?

FDM is an analog technique that can be applied when the bandwidth of a link is greater than the combined bandwidths of the signals to be transmitted.

25. What is WDM?

WDM is conceptually the same as FDM, except that the multiplexing and DE multiplexing involve light signals transmitted through fiber optics channel.

26. What is TDM?

TDM is a digital process that can be applied when the data rate capacity of the transmission medium is greater than the data rate required by the sending and receiving devices.

 27. What is Synchronous TDM?

In STDM, the multiplexer allocates exactly the same time slot to each device at all times, whether or not a device has anything to transmit.

 28. List the layers of OSI ?

a. Physical Layer

b. Data Link Layer

c. Network Layer

d. Transport Layer

e. Session Layer

f. Presentation Layer

g. Application Layer

29. Which layers are network support layers?

a. Physical Layer b. Data link Layer and

c. Network Layers

30. Which layers are user support layers?

a. Session Layer 

b. Presentation Layer and

            c. Application Layer 

Thank You.........

Next Part: Part-3

for Part-1: Click Here